{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 运算"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Dataframe运算"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>second</th>\n",
       "      <th>third</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.050273</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.730108</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.892286</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.634789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.452458</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.716244</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.157829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.829539</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.441068</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.233697</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.928338</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.292920</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      first    second     third\n",
       "a  0.050273  0.730108  0.892286\n",
       "b  0.634789  0.452458  0.716244\n",
       "c  0.157829  0.829539  0.441068\n",
       "d  0.233697  0.928338  0.292920"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(4, 3), index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], columns=['first', 'second', 'third'])\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>second</th>\n",
       "      <th>third</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.051558</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.075304</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.440703</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.886624</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.572172</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.046732</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.170966</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.292262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.554367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.263262</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.530300</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.340336</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      first    second     third\n",
       "a  1.051558  2.075304  2.440703\n",
       "b  1.886624  1.572172  2.046732\n",
       "c  1.170966  2.292262  1.554367\n",
       "d  1.263262  2.530300  1.340336"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# point-wise\n",
    "np.exp(df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 列间运算"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>second</th>\n",
       "      <th>third</th>\n",
       "      <th>minus</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.050273</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.730108</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.892286</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.679835</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.634789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.452458</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.716244</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.182331</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.157829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.829539</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.441068</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.671710</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.233697</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.928338</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.292920</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.694640</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      first    second     third     minus\n",
       "a  0.050273  0.730108  0.892286 -0.679835\n",
       "b  0.634789  0.452458  0.716244  0.182331\n",
       "c  0.157829  0.829539  0.441068 -0.671710\n",
       "d  0.233697  0.928338  0.292920 -0.694640"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['minus'] = df['first'] - df['second']\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>second</th>\n",
       "      <th>third</th>\n",
       "      <th>minus</th>\n",
       "      <th>quadratic</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.050273</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.730108</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.892286</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.679835</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.796174</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.634789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.452458</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.716244</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.182331</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.513006</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.157829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.829539</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.441068</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.671710</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.194541</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.233697</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.928338</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.292920</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.694640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.085802</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      first    second     third     minus  quadratic\n",
       "a  0.050273  0.730108  0.892286 -0.679835   0.796174\n",
       "b  0.634789  0.452458  0.716244  0.182331   0.513006\n",
       "c  0.157829  0.829539  0.441068 -0.671710   0.194541\n",
       "d  0.233697  0.928338  0.292920 -0.694640   0.085802"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['quadratic'] = df['third'] ** 2\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>second</th>\n",
       "      <th>third</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.050273</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.730108</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.892286</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.634789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.452458</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.716244</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.157829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.829539</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.441068</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.233697</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.928338</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.292920</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      first    second     third\n",
       "a  0.050273  0.730108  0.892286\n",
       "b  0.634789  0.452458  0.716244\n",
       "c  0.157829  0.829539  0.441068\n",
       "d  0.233697  0.928338  0.292920"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 使用drop函数删列、行\n",
    "df.drop(columns=['minus', 'quadratic'], inplace=True)\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## replace和apply函数"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>second</th>\n",
       "      <th>third</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.050273</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.730108</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.634789</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.452458</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.157829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.829539</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.233697</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.928338</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      first    second  third\n",
       "a  0.050273  0.730108    100\n",
       "b  0.634789  0.452458    100\n",
       "c  0.157829  0.829539    100\n",
       "d  0.233697  0.928338    100"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['third'] = 1\n",
    "# 用100代替1\n",
    "df.replace(1, 100, inplace=True)\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>second</th>\n",
       "      <th>third</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.224216</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.854463</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.796736</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.672650</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.397277</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.910790</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>d</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.483423</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.963503</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      first    second  third\n",
       "a  0.224216  0.854463   10.0\n",
       "b  0.796736  0.672650   10.0\n",
       "c  0.397277  0.910790   10.0\n",
       "d  0.483423  0.963503   10.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 每个元素开平方\n",
    "df.apply(lambda x: x ** 0.5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "a    100.780381\n",
       "b    101.087247\n",
       "c    100.987368\n",
       "d    101.162035\n",
       "dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 统计各列的和\n",
    "df.apply(np.sum, axis=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 合并Dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   a  b  c\n",
       "0  1  0  8\n",
       "1  2  0  8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, (2, 3)), index=np.arange(2), columns=['a', 'b', 'c'])\n",
    "df1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
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       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "    a   b  c\n",
       "4  10   7  5\n",
       "5   6   9  9\n",
       "6  13  11  9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(5, 15, (3, 3)), index=np.arange(4, 7), columns=['a', 'b', 'c'])\n",
    "df2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>a</th>\n",
       "      <th>b</th>\n",
       "      <th>c</th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "    a   b  c\n",
       "0   1   0  8\n",
       "1   2   0  8\n",
       "4  10   7  5\n",
       "5   6   9  9\n",
       "6  13  11  9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# concat合并\n",
    "pd.concat([df1, df2])"
   ]
  }
 ],
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